Essay on President FDR’s New Deal - 1042 Words

The 1930’s were one of the most difficult times in American history. It was the time of the Great Depression. Millions of Americans suffered hardships as the economy was in a free fall. Many Americans were unemployed and lost almost everything they had owned. In 1932, America realized it was time for a change, and elected Franklin Delano Roosevelt in a landslide vote. Roosevelt promised to help end the depression and with his New Deal. The New Deal was Roosevelt’s plan to end the Great Depression. Through increased government spending, FDR enacted numerous public works programs in an effort to simulate the economy. The New Deal’s â€Å"alphabet soup† (this was the nickname for the numerous programs FDR enacted) was FDR’s plan to people†¦show more content†¦The Farm Resettlement Administration help move families that were effected by things like the Dust Bowl, which destroyed hundreds of acres of farms in the Midwest. The REA helped bring fa rmers into the twentieth century by providing farmers with electricity. The FSA was to assist rural poor and migrant agricultural worker. The New Deal also attempted to help workers. The workingman was one of the people hardest hit by the Great Depression. At one point during the one in four Americans, 25% were unemployed. FDR saw this as a major problem and attempted to correct it with a massive public works programs. The New Deal set up agencies such as the Federal Emergency Relief Association (FERA) and the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA). FERA was given one billions dollars to help end hardship. Under FERA, the Civilian Works Association (CWA) and the Civilian Conservation Core (CCC) helped to ease people’s suffering. The CWA hired 4 million people to help do public works projects. The CCC took city boys into the country to do construction work. Their pay was mailed home to their families to help ease the financial struggles. The TVA was perhaps the most successful New Deal project. It built 20 dams and provided cheap power. It also put many people to work. The most important agency to the workers and FDR’s primary vehicle for fighting the depression was the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA). Under NIRA, FDR set up set up the National RecoveryShow MoreRelatedAp Us History Fdr Dbq1172 Words   |  5 PagesPresident Herbert Hoover, a Republican, had control of the United States from 1929 to 1933, the beginning of the economic downfall. Hoover created a laissez-faire government; the government was not involved in everyday business, instead it was a very hands off approach and daily life just took its path. When Franklin D. Roosevelt became president in 1933 the economy was now deep in a huge downward spiral, and he raised a new Democratic approach to run the government and United States. The UnitedRead MoreFranklin Delano Roosevelt s First 100 Days1396 Words   |  6 Pagesset precedents that would be followed by Presidents to this day. The Agriculture Adjustment Act became the first legitimate bill that would start the New Deal, this act focused to raise farm income by subsidizing crops through a domestic payment system. This allowed for more of an involvement from the Department of Agriculture, to control the farm economy, creating subsides for farmers to not produce certain goods. This was just the start of his New Deal and many pieces of legislation would comeRead MoreRelief Brought to the American People by Roosevelts New Deal Programs 1014 Words   |  5 Pagesunemployment, food shortages, and a seemingly remiss President Hoover, the American people were beginning to lose hope. But sentiments began to turn as FDR stepped into office and implemented his New Deal programs. FDR and his administration responded to the crisis by executing policies that would successfully address reform, relief, and, unsuccessfully, recovery. Although WWII ultimately recovered America from its depression, it was FDR’s r esponse with the New Deal programs that stopped America’s economic downfallRead MoreThe Economic Bill Of Rights888 Words   |  4 Pages2016). Though originally crafted as part of an overall speech, this document now stands alone as the Economic Bill of Rights. At the beginning of the speech, the President addresses the initial goals of the United States and the ways in which they conflict with the current economy. He promises that the American people were entering a new world of happiness and longevity, but questioned how anyone could be content if even one part of the population remained hungry or homeless (Roosevelt, 1). ThereforeRead MoreFranklin D. Roosevelt was born on January 30, 1882 in the Hudson Valley town of Hyde Park, New600 Words   |  3 Pages Franklin D. Roosevelt was born on January 30, 1882 in the Hudson Valley town of Hyde Park, New York. The parents of Franklin D. Roosevelt were James Roosevelt and Sara Delano Roosevelt. Both of his parents had a wealthy past. His parents shaped his personality and has a large part of making him who he is. Roosevelt had a much older stepbrother from James Roosevelt’s side of the family. Although he was not very close to his half-brother, he gained financial support from his stepbrother when he neededRead MoreThe Legacy Of The New Deal1426 Words   |  6 Pageseconomic instability, and a president too cold and stubborn for his people, the citizens of America desperately looked for a sign of hope. The ultimate end to the Great Depression was undoubtedly World War II. However, it was FDR’s New Deal that shed the light of hope on America ’s citizens. The programs of the New Deal transformed the role of the government by the implication of numerous laws in order to stop the economy from getting any worse. The New Deal came with three new main themes: relief, recoveryRead MoreFranklin D. Roosevelt s President Of The United States1221 Words   |  5 PagesFranklin D. Roosevelt was the thirty-second president of the United States. He was also the first and last president to serve four terms. Next, to Abraham Lincoln’s presidency, FDR’s presidency was one of the most challenging presidencies in the history of the United States. Throughout his presidency, he faced extremely hard tasks and while facing them he had promised the people prompt, vigorous action, and he was assertive with his Inaugural Address. In 1929, the longest economic downturn in AmericanRead MoreFranklin Roosevelt And The Making Of Modern America1707 Words   |  7 Pages the book, Franklin D. Roosevelt and the Making of Modern Am erica, the entire life of Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) is told. This book includes all aspects of the former democratic Presidents life, from his parent’s life, his education, his life before presidency, his time in office, and his death. James Roosevelt s father Isaac, became wealthy through trading real estate, dried goods, and West Indian Sugar. James Roosevelt, like his father, grew up respectably wealthy near the banks of the HudsonRead MoreEssay on 2003 Dbq862 Words   |  4 Pagesfederal government for help. The New Deal restored peoples faith in themselves and in the government. FDRs New Deal Legislation received opposition. People were accused of being socialists and communists. People believed that it was against the stimulation of business, which ultimately would create unemployment. In a letter to Senator Robert Wagner, it is stated that this new legislation will end in disaster. [Document B]. Specifically, the NIRA, the cornerstone of FDRs administration, proved toRead MoreNew Deal: Jeffersonian and Hamiltonian Means714 Words   |  3 Pages The men who served as president during their terms before FDR either focused on Hamiltonian or Jeffersonian views when making decisions for the country. They either focused on the government having more control, or on the common man having the control. FDR, on the other hand, used a combination of the two. The New Deal was created solely to improve the conditions of the United States during the Great Depression. The successes and failures of FDR’s combination of â€Å"Hamiltonian means† to achieve â⠂¬Å"Jeffersonian

Ramayana Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa Essay - 1156 Words

One of the most striking relationships throughout the entire RÄ mÄ yaá ¹â€¡a is that between Indias epic hero RÄ ma and his half-brother Laká ¹ £maá ¹â€¡a. What is interesting about this affair is Laká ¹ £maá ¹â€¡as pure fidelity toward his brother and all his goals. While RÄ ma is the king on leave throughout most of the Hindu epic, Laká ¹ £maá ¹â€¡a acts more or less as his royal servant and bodyguard of his most prized possession, that being RÄ mas wife, SÄ «tÄ . Interestingly enough, Laká ¹ £maá ¹â€¡a is very much an intelligent being himself, and one who revels in the longevity of his brothers interests and aims. This paper will deal with how these Laká ¹ £maá ¹â€¡a creates himself as the most loyal of companions within the first book of the RÄ mÄ yaá ¹â€¡a. In the BÄ la KÄ Ã¡ ¹â€¡Ã¡ ¸ a, VÄ lmÄ «ki sets†¦show more content†¦A common ideology of fraternity develops, and even more so when RÄ ma entrusts his own dear wife with L aká ¹ £maá ¹â€¡a while he seeks out the monkeys. However, this is neither here nor there, as this paper centers on the developing relationship in the first book of the BÄ la KÄ Ã¡ ¹â€¡Ã¡ ¸ a. Since we know of Laká ¹ £maá ¹â€¡as evident devoutness to RÄ ma, there is also a word to say regarding Laká ¹ £maá ¹â€¡a as a sort of errand boy. Was his sole purpose in the ancient epic just to bid the successful completions of not only RÄ mas irksome tasks, as G.S. Ghurye put it, but also that of the sage ViÅ›vÄ mitra in the beginning chapters of the BÄ la KÄ Ã¡ ¹â€¡Ã¡ ¸ a? For the text reads: After the necessary preliminary purification, RÄ ma received the divine mysteries from the sage; and immediately he shone with a new brilliance. The three spent that night on the bank of the holy river SarayÃ… «, and RÄ ma and Laká ¹ £maá ¹â€¡a rendered the sage all the personal service that a disciple is expected to render the preceptor. Although the text reads here that both brothers provide ViÅ›vÄ mitra with personal service, the reader can gather from careful introspection that Laká ¹ £maá ¹â€¡a is serving both his brother and the old and wise sage.Show MoreRelatedRamayana Analysis Essay1185 Words   |  5 Pagesthe religious duty of one man and the purity of a woman. In the Ramayana of Valmiki†Ã‚  , Rama and Sita are portrayed as individuals with ideal characteristics and ethical behavior in the view of the Indian culture. Rama is considered a reincarnation of divinity and a man of solemn duty; Sita is the symbol of obedience and chastity. The moral elements of each character are presented through many difficult challenges that test both Rama and Sita. The actions and decisions of both characters through theRead MoreThe Epic Of Gilgamesh And The Ramayana1088 Words   |  5 Pagestwo ancient classics, we see a clear display of an abuse of power. In both The Epic of Gilgamesh and The Ramayana, we fi nd protagonists who commit deeds of treachery in the name of slaying a monster. These slayings seem justified at first; however, as we examine them further we find that they are no more than heinous acts in the name of asserting power over the other. Both Gilgamesh and Rama kill monsters in the name of supporting what they believe in, but their beliefs are not always justified.Read MoreThe Ramayana Of Valmiki And Sita Sings The Blues1780 Words   |  8 PagesThe Ramayana of Valmiki and Sita Sings the Blues The epic story of Rama and Sita, as portrayed by Valmiki’s Ramayana and the modern day film Sita sings the Blues are two different versions of the same story which contain several contrasts as well as similarities. The Ramayana is the ancient version which was written by a sage named Valmiki in 550 B.C.E, featuring a love story between an ideal prince and an ideal woman. It outlines the adventures of Rama in his journey to find his abducted wife SitaRead MoreKrishna and Rama as exemplars of Dharma Essay examples2581 Words   |  11 Pagesand hereafter by means of appropriate actions†. (Khan, Benjamin. The Concept of Dharma in Valmiki) Rama and Krishna have been set as perfect exemplars of Dharma in the texts of Ramayana and Mahabharata respectively. They are considered to be the reincarnations of God Visnu, a Supreme Being, and supposedly lived their lives according to the Dharmic (or right) way of life. However, the stories of Rama and Krishna in the texts include som e of their actions, which are questionable to the act of DharmaRead MoreGilgamesh and Ramayana1559 Words   |  7 Pagestradition. Though it is unrealistic to believe that these men truly fought against divine beings, their stories played a role in the ancient world, which was the beginning of the formation of society and civilization. The epics of â€Å"Gilgamesh† and â€Å"The Ramayana of Valmiki† both served their societies as an outline of a moral code, defined the role of a hero, and instilled the belief of the fallibility of man, no matter how great. One of the defining characteristics of a society is the possession of rulesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Story Of Sakuntala From The Mahabharata And Kalidasa s Abhijnanasakuntalam ) And The Ramayana1892 Words   |  8 Pagesand Kalidasa’s Abhijnanasakuntalam) and the Ramayana, both canonical texts in their own right, vary greatly in structure, substance, and length, but a closer examination reveals that both have some common, or at least similar themes and motifs, particularly with respect to attitudes towards women and the literal rejection of the female protagonist. It might be noteworthy that the distance in time between the texts is not negligible- while the Ramayana started to take shape between 2nd century BCERead MoreThe Great Epics And Tales1605 Words   |  7 Pagesresult of centuries of acceptance and ignorance. Particularly in this society Sexism takes its roots from mythology and ancient tales of the kings and the queens. The two of the most powerful mythological tal es of all time, the Mahabharata and the Ramayana, aid in the heightened levels of sexism. When I was a kid, Amar Chitra Katha was my only source of mythological knowledge except some short and inspiring stories by my grandmother. I never looked at these tales from a point of view as differentRead MoreThe Ramayana Is Not Just A Story5045 Words   |  21 Pages  The Ramayana is a Sanskrit epic poem ascribed to the Hindu sage and Sanskrit poet Valmiki. The Ramayana also plays an important role in Hindu literature . It depicts the duties of relationships, portraying ideal characters like the ideal father, the ideal servant, the ideal brother, the ideal wife, and the ideal king. The name Ramayana is a tatpurusha compound of and , translating to Rama s Journey. The Ramayana consists of 24,000 verses in seven books and 500 cantos, and tells the storyRead MoreCrime4723 Words   |  19 Pages12.Any suggestions, comments? The Ramayana has enchanted generations of Indians, and this ancient epic continues to fascinate modern readers. Through the centuries it has been retold in the major language of India and Southwest Asia and has been interpreted through theater, dance, and other performance traditions. Valmiki’s telling, written in Sanskrit, is the oldest extant version of the Rama story. In Valmiki’s account, King Dasaratha proclaims his son Rama, son of the senior Queen Kausalya, heirRead MoreParable of the Burning House5191 Words   |  21 Pages 6) Parasurama –Rama with an axe Parasu – axe – Brahmin Jamadagni – father-hermit Kamadhenu – wish cow Karthavirya – kshatriya king 21 battles 7) Rama ( Ramachandra) Ramayana (200 BCE-200 BC) Ramayana – 24,000 stanzas Main plot : Ravana 10 headed demon of sri lanka, by austerities (tapas) gained a boom from Brahma and Shiva and could not be killed by Gods or demons * He bgan persecuting the Gods(devas) – Vishnu * -agreed to be born a man * Rama and lashmana sita (Lakshmi)

Linked with Diabetes- Reflection Account

Question: Explain and Discuss How Obesity is Linked with Diabetes- Reflection Account? Answer: What? It was one of Ms. Holmes' infrequent visits to the pharmacy. She was panting from the sheer effort of walking to the counter. She was a 62 year old, who had to stop and catch her breath before she asked for pain medication. Her knee pain was troubling her again. Her high BMI made the pain worse. While taking her seat she almost fell and I rushed to support her, but she collapsed further and slumped on the chair. She was suffering from excruciating pain. My colleague and I helped her recline on the nearby bench. Quickly I checked her blood glucose with a monitor that I had, her random BGL was 170 mg/dl. I decided to find a more opportune moment to persuade her to seek an appointment with the GP. She complained of a boil on the waist that had not healed for 15 days. My colleague and I tried to suggest that she should get herself checked for diabetes mellitus Type II. Just then my colleague said that her obesity had put her in the high risk group and since her father had died of diabete s complications, she needed to be cautious. The very moment that mention of diabetes was made and she quickly left the pharmacy with the pain medication. Fortunately I had her contact details and I made a mental note about contacting her soon. Even as I was dispensing medicines to other patients who came thereafter, Mrs. Holmes' condition did not leave me. My professor's words echoed in my mind. He had always emphasized the importance of empathy to be a pharmacist, and that a pharmacist does not just dispense medicines, but the regular contact with patients made the pharmacist an important dispenser of information Satisfying patient queries that they could not directly ask the doctor. In Ms. Holmes' case it was important that she seek appointment of a GP, get tests done to find out whether she had diabetes. Her obesity and genetics had predisposed her to diabetes. The difficulty was that a mere mention of the possibility had scared her away. So What When I look back I felt rather concerned that a regular patient had shown two symptoms of diabetes. My colleague also felt the same and we spoke about it once Ms. Holmes had left. I continue to feel worried that I could not convince her to seek an appointment with the GP right away. But I know that I shall be able to educate her about the importance of seeking treatment and I start thinking about to contact her and approach the subject of introducing her to complications that could impact her health. Except that I will have to deal with caution while trying to convince Ms Holmes about starting a weight loss regime. From my brief encounters with her earlier I have noticed that she does not include any physical activity in her routine. As a first step I plan to introduce her to a dietician. Because it is important for her to understand that if her obesity is treated it will help her to reduce risks associated with diabetes. She needs to be educated about tests such as Hb1Ac, lipid prof ile, regular medication, diet and lifestyle changes. These could keep her safe from possible complications. I should have able to take steps when she was at the hospital. But I feel somewhat reassured that I was able to measure her BGL before she left. I wish I had been successful at persuading her to seek an urgent appointment with the GP then. I also wish I had warned her on earlier occasions about her risk of developing diabetes so that she could have taken preventive steps to work on reducing her weight and the risk of cardiovascular disease (Andrew Willis, 2014). I could have explained to her that when cells have to handle high density of nutrients the endoplasmic reticulum has to transport more nutrients across the cell. It sends a message to the plasma membrane to shut down the insulin receptors. Glucose cannot enter the cell anymore and BGL increase beyond the normal range. Forewarned, she could have reduced the nutrient density by eating healthier foods I realize that I need to improve my persuasive skills. I asked my colleague and he too felt that we could have persuaded Ms Holmes to start treatment right away. 90% of the population has some contact with the pharmacist annually.(C, 2000). We looked for her phone and address in the hospital records and set about trying to contact her. Now What? The impact of counselling by pharmacists on reducing Hb1Ac has been evidenced. (Ali M, 2012) (Mehuys E1, 2012). There are benefits to be derived from monitoring and counselling by community pharmacists on the treatment of diabetics. Implications of the above scenario where a patient could not be taken to a GP in order to begin diabetes treatment are serious but intervention is possible since Ms Holmes will return to the pharmacy to get her usual medicines. Pharmacists like me can take training programs and certification in order to act as effective community pharmacists and help in modifying behaviour of high-risk patients (Gloria J. Nichols-English, 2002). I could continue to be the pharmacist that I was without seeking training. But many patients would still remain without medication and would exposed to life threatening complications. The School of Pharmacy at the University of Hertfordshire and some other departments of Pharmacy run training programs for pharmacists where training in imparted for counselling and monitoring patients who are new to a diabetes treatment regimen. According to the Public Health: a handbook for community pharmacists, there are several ways in which a pharmacist can contribute to disbursement of information and awareness among patients. Pharmacist can promote healthy eating practices and emphasize the importance of exercise among obese/diabetic patients. Educate colleagues and customers about how to identify signs of diabetes. Help in identifying a case of diabetes. Counsel diabetic patients to take medicines regularly and regularly visit the GP. Pharmacists have also proven to be useful in several other ways. They have reported the difficulties patients face when using blood glucose monitors at home. They have helped patients manage the disease better through regular intake of medicine s and suggested referrals to physicians when a particular drug did not help a patient control diabetes (Anon., n.d.). Training shall help me tackle a similar situation should it happen again. As a result of the training I aim to be able to contribute more not just to patients dealing with obesity and diabetes but several other situations depending on the patient that visit my pharmacy. The main learning that I take from reflecting in the above case upon my practice is that reflection helps one to strive towards making a better contribution. The thinking that follows the reflection can help to change the way I run my practice and am able to impact public health in a better way and work towards the better health of patients who frequent my pharmacy. The intensity and effectiveness of counselling that can be provided to patients by pharmacists will depend on the extent of training available to them and result in better patient outcomes (Nkansah N1, 2010). References: Ali, M., Schifano, F., Robinson, P., Phillips, G., Doherty, L., Melnick, P., Laming, L., Sinclair, A. and Dhillon, S. (2012). Impact of community pharmacy diabetes monitoring and education programme on diabetes management: a randomized controlled study. Diabetic Medicine, 29(9), pp.e326-e333. Willis, A., Rivers, P., Gray, L., Davies, M. and Khunti, K. (2014). The Effectiveness of Screening for Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in a Community Pharmacy Setting. PLoS ONE, 9(4), p.e91157. Psnc.org.uk, (2016). [online] Available at: https://psnc.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/public_health_book_all.pdf. [Accessed 15 Feb. 2016]. Anderson, C. (2000). Health promotion in community pharmacy: the UK situation. Patient education and counselling, 39(2-3):285-91. Nichols-English, G. J., Provost, M., Koompalum, D., Chen, H. and Athar, M. (2002). Strategies for Pharmacists in the Implementation of Diabetes Mellitus Management Programs. Disease management and health outcomes, 10(12), pp. 783-803. Mehuys, E., Van Bortel, L., Van Tongelen, I., Annemans, L., Remon, J.P. and Giri, M., (2012). Effectiveness of a community pharmacist intervention in diabetes care: a randomized controlled trial.. Journal of Clinical pharmacy and therapeutics, 36(5), pp. 602-13. Nkansah, N., Mostovetsky, O., Yu, C., Chheng, T., Beney, J., Bond, C. M. and Bero, L., (2010). Effect of outpatient pharmacists' non-dispensing roles on patient outcomes and prescribing patterns.. Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 7(7), p. CD000336.

Measuring Effectiveness of Customer Relationship Management Strategies in Achieving Customer Loyal Essay Example

Measuring Effectiveness of Customer Relationship Management Strategies in Achieving Customer Loyal Essay Management strategies in achieving customer loyalty A Case Based Study of Nandos UK (Kings Cross Branch) Introduction:Businesses has grown on fast pace in last few decades. This rapid growth in business ha snot only increased the competition but also provided the customers to choose from the products . increased competition and market uncertainty has left organization to think the ways to retain and attract more and more customers. Wining the heats and minds of customers is now the ultimate goals of much organization to earn profitability. Kicaid, 2003) It is because organizations know a satisfied customer can refer many new customers to them with no cost of marketing. Customer relationship Management is concept of delivering best customer services in order to retain customers for long time in other words customer relationship management is name of customer satisfaction that makes customer to buy again and again from same organization. Customer relationship is built and maintained th rough relationship strategies utilizing latest IT concepts that help in delivering better customer services. Increased used of internet and computers has forced organization to invest in IT based applications to not only facilitate their customers but also to use IT application to help customers serve in better way. (Gummesson, 2002) â€Å"CRM is an IT the outcomes of which optimize profitability, revenue and customer satisfaction by organizing around customer segments, fostering customer-satisfying behaviours and implementing customer-centric processes†. (Peelan. 2003) Fig (1. 1) CRM Growth trends According to Gartner survey significant growth in spending on CRM in past few years CRM software related investments were $7. 8 billion in 2008 with 14. 4 % increase from previous year. This healthy trend is expected to reach $13. 3 billion by year 2012. The investors remained positive despite economic meltdown Problem Statement;- Achieving customer? s loyalty is long term thing and effects of implementing CRM strategy is not tangible. So it is complex task to effectively measure the Effectiveness of CRM strategy and customer loyalty. We will write a custom essay sample on Measuring Effectiveness of Customer Relationship Management Strategies in Achieving Customer Loyal specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Measuring Effectiveness of Customer Relationship Management Strategies in Achieving Customer Loyal specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Measuring Effectiveness of Customer Relationship Management Strategies in Achieving Customer Loyal specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Complexity exist when evaluating intangible benefits like loyalty of customer, quality of service, enhancement of value, processes effectiveness, innovation of operation, improving the services Effectiveness of processes, innovation of operation, service improvement, competitiveness, trust, and efficiency etc (Peelan,2003) The most widely used and popular methods for investment evaluations are accounting and financial methods which only depends upon cash flow and counting the customer inflow . These are only suitable for limited type of evaluation of business performance. These accounting methods cannot be effectively used in evaluating investment which is expected to gain benefits in intangible and indirect form. (Righby Landigham, 2004) By evaluating effectiveness of crm strategy a business can be improved on the bases of results and necessary changes can be adopted . CRM implementation also enable customer services department to perform effectively according to their expectation. According to Customer Think Corporation, 68 % of customers leave their seller due to bad customer service experience. So the importance of CRM and its performance evaluation cannot be done/This Poor development Of Marketing Performance measurement is due to complexity in measuring and assessing results from implementing marketing strategies. Especially it is difficult to elaborate impacts on customers of specific strategy (Hanssens, 1999) Objectives:(1) To Critically evaluate theory of CRM strategies and its role in achieving customer loyalty (2) To Analyze current CRM strategies adopted by Nandos UK (3) Evaluation of effectiveness of CRM strategies adopted by Nandos UK (4) To Provide recommendation for effectively implementation of CRM effectiveness measurement Rational Business: The proposed research aims to analyse and assess the impact of CRM in the efficient functioning of the businesses, thus delivering exceptional customer services to its existing and potential customers. It is anticipated that the possible outcome of the proposed study will create a positive business environment by enhancing customer satisfaction and creating further customer service improvement activities and achieving customer loyalty. Academic: The area of the proposed research is CRM. It is an information technology industry term for methodologies and software. This term is used as methodology in IT and software technology, all customer relationship is dealt with the help of internet in an organised way by the enterprise. Using the proposed methodology or looking at it critically might be helpful for students doing research in the similar fields in the future. Literature review: This chapter consist of theories, ideas and concept of different authors, which will support the consider topic, because CRM is very important for the attraction of customer towards organisation. If CRM of the company is improve, then more customers will come as compare to the other competitors. By this way the relationship between organisation and customers maintain. We can say that CRM is the important factor of customer relationship. That CRM is the key to strategic competition needed to keep the focus on customer needs and for a face to face with the customers throughout the organization† (Lin and Su, 2003) Different authors define CRM with different way, in which some have similar concept but different words, as well as some have different concept, some of them are in the following: According to Wilson et, al. (2002 ) that CRM is a technical support and rational tool as well as a set of different skills, process, and different technologies, which help the organisation in making planning? for the all channels of attracting customers, and these all channels have very high influence on each other? s as well as high attraction with each others. On the other hand O? Mulley and Mitussis (2002) say that CRM is very beneficial and persuasive. On the other hand Olsen states that mostly companies show loyalty for the satisfaction of the customers as well as making different kind of strategies and improving company/organisation performance. All techniques and skills are used for the satisfaction of organisation, because customers are the basics units of business. The skills, rules and regulations are according to the choice as well as need and want of customers. According to the Lin and Sue (2003) that component if CRM is exceptionally vital for the understanding of relationship of the customer? s questions, complains as well as practice of the business. The factors of the CRM is basically related to the activity of organisation and customers contacts, the contacts may be customers complains or feedback. On the other hand technologies play very important rule in the CRM, because technology used in the system as a facility in CRM for customer satisfaction. The development of CRM is not new for the organisation, but they are developing system from the beginning According to Payne (2006) the CRM of old age was engage same like the modern, but the difference was only technology. But the difference is that the modern strategy is according to the modern customers marketing strategy, because to make easy the approach of customers to the organisation. Wilson et, al. (2002)â€Å"The assumptions of customers in CRM, is not different from the transactions between company and customers† this basically means that customers have direct relationship with customers, which require the organisation. The trust of customers essential for the success of organisation, therefore they need clear vision about the organisation policies, and offers etc, so for this purpose organisation need to well define about every product as well as develop ethical qualities must be highlighted. The idea of wine shows that CRM is very close to the characterization of CRM (business strategy) which states â€Å"The customer service needs to receive the status of high priority in the organisational environment†. CRM is significant from the usiness point of view, because it will make people mind clear for the business; in simple it will give simple and clear vision to customers about the services, products, and customers strategy. By this way company will keep long term relationship with customers. In term of business strategy CRM we can say that it is section of the market and competitive advantages by increasing the trust and satisfaction of the customers or client is hard to evaluate. It is a co mplex strategy, because of the different behaviours of he people (Roger, 2003). According to O? Malley and Mitussus (2003) in fact the customers are relatively new to the marketing agent that controlling in mass market which directed to strategic considerations relationship. This is essential for the every organisation to understand the strategy of the CRM. According to Winter (2001) that every business strategy must be in relation to what customers tastes. Bellow given three metrics are important for observation of CRM in relation to marketing strategy (Li and Croteau 2003). 1) Customers retention (2) Customer satisfaction (3) Customer profitability These play key role in the CRM, but the adaptation of these are possible only by the help of higher management presented as essential for execution with success of Customer relationship management. If, not take serious in organisation then this will affect the whole organisation, which cause the resistance of customers. According to Cro teau and Li, (2003) that knowledge management also affect the impact of CRM. According to the (McKenna, 1993) stated that a strong CRM strategy should be effectively plan which keep accountability of needs and opinion of the customers, keeping in mind the time and the length of their relationship with oragnization (Ahn, 2003) satisfying customers needs are the key purpose of developing the CRM strategy. The technological system of CRM is very important in collecting information from the customers about the organisation (oragnization) and same is conveying of information to the customers about the sale, new products and movement of the market. (Reicheld, 1993). Oragnization also improve strategy with help of customers complains and feedback. On the basis of customers information oragnization improve the relations with customers (Reicheld 1993). Methodology: This section explains the research ideology, concept and method applied, integrated with a data overview, essential for deriving the final conclusions of the research study. Research Philosophy: There are two principal philosophies in the research process that are dealt with. Either the optimistic approach based on the concept of objectivity and scientific method, where approximation can be generalized and truly emulate the real phenomena. Saunders et al. (2000)stated that, the researcher presume the task of an objective, independent examine and will be supported by methodology which will allow imitation and generalisation of the data. Or In contrast, phenomenologist philosophy argues that the difficulty of phenomenon, which can be applied to the social and the business world, cannot be concentrated to generalisations. Indeed, ideas and situations influenced by individuals and other factors are all unique, and as such need to be analysed for gaining the clearer picture behind them. Thus, as discussed by Wilson (1999), this view can be said to be the basis of interpretative research, where social reality is explored in its natural settings. The two philosophies are not fundamentally mutually exclusive In spite of being peculiar and seen as to be adapted for individual channels of research. The rank taken in research is dependent on the nature of the question to be explored. In order to reflect the most persistent and compelling reality, a distinct study on the flexibility is needed. Besides, as Saunders et al. 2000) argue, management-related research can be in practice a mixture of both philosophies. In this research, phenomenological philosophy will be adopted as it aims to answer research questions that are highlight in a social atmosphere, based on opinions, views and the assessment of industry experts and customers. Research Approach: There are three types of research strategy Inductive v/s deductive, qualitative v/s quantities and cross sectional v/s longit udinal. Mixed approach will be adopted in the research. The Qualitative research tools containing unstructured interview questioners which is design for collecting data material and research to meet the objective in finding answer for research questions. The Quantitative research tool contain of self designed questionnaires that be sanded through using the email or by post to prospective respondent. Research Strategy: The strategy is sensible base that contracts the way of answers the research questions of the study and present it like a plan which include objectives as well as data sources and takes into accounts the limitation that may occur in growth of the research study. So according to my result I will use mixture of research techniques to attain my required objective, for secondary and primary research so I m using the mixture of quantitative and qualitative techniques. Data collection method: A choice of methods of research will be adopted in proposed study. Executive form Nandos UK would be personally contacted and through the internet to request for the related information via emails. Questionnaires would be sent to the managers of different branches and be requested to fill in, which would certainly help in study. My study will be a combination of questionnaire, interviews, direct observation, physical artefact and discussions. Because it is entail for the development of a conceptual and theoretical structure prior to apply any research instrument. Though data collecting qualitatively do not help in a huge way for theory building but it is helpful in concept of the theory with more confidence. As a result it is a combination of both qualitative and quantitative approach. In my study, I will try to use theory as a basis and channel. Each tool, method or technique has its own strengths and weaknesses. As a result it can be said that research methods and strategies are not isolated from each other. So, I can use mixture of research techniques. To achieve my desired objectives I will be using a mix of qualitative and quantitative technique, which involves both secondary and primary research. Data source: keeping research Objective in mind secondary data will be collect throughout internet, journals and publication etc. I will try to collecting secondary data from all resources of non human. I will be using online database, journals and attain books. Sample selection and Sample size: Considering random sampling which consists on the selection of samples to generalise the findings, over a broader population. 15-20 samples will be used in the proposed research this will help to develops in claims and give technique to improve theories to clarify the population characteristics. In view of both type of purposive sampling focused. Qualitative sampling is considered as best method to apply in current research strategy. This strategy allow to me to choose the persons and data obtainable to meet the objectives. Sample method: According to my research study I will be implement the method of purposive sampling. For my research the non-probability sampling is chosen because it is based on achievement and awareness of certain situation. Sampling follows the qualitative research approach since it merge with objective of responding to study query and don? t Conway the outcomes into statistical generality. It was also helpful in quick manner to achieve a precise target sample. Data analysis: In context of proposed study, data analysis is important because the information collected is both quantitative and qualitative. The data collected will be statistically analysed using manual methods, easy tabulation and statistic like indicator of average or frequency count in the form of table and figure will be presented. Ethical Issues: In ethical issue involve conduct surveys the research activity is vital importance to judge the ethical implication. The reason of importance that proficient societies have urbanized code of ethics to cover-up range of proficient issues surrounding research activities in this situation of proposed study i will be need to ethical approval from Nandos UK. Formal permission will be required prior to arrange data collection and all necessary caution will be taken to make sure respect for participant because independent agent. To avoid plagiarism, I will be very careful while using any other person? s idea opinion or different peoples written or spoken words. Any drawings, graphs, statistics, facts or any pieces of information which is not ordinary information, if I want to use other work I will give credit to that person by quoting his name and giving proper reference to it. Credibility and Validity: The credibility of results arises in a particular manner being a qualitative research. Questioned by scientific research, the process of gathering and analysing the data, as well as the kind of information, needs to reflect consistency and accuracy. To support this research study, the previously discussed methods and approach were considered essential to achieve the research findings. Reliability: In terms of reliability, the author of this study affirms that the results would relatively be the same if administered on different occasions by other researchers as long as the sampling is taken from the same area. In this sense if the study were to take place with an emphasis on Nandos UK? customers. Generalizability: As this study is generalizable to all other organization working in similar sector. However, some limitation to the proposed study is that the study will be carried out only in the Nandos specifically Kings cross branch. Therefore the findings can be applied universally if consider. Data Access: To study the phenomenon of research question and to answer them a mixture of two types of information was required which is primary and secondary. In this way the primary data consist of the statistics of survey-questionnaires implemented on economy class traveller. This strategy was selected to optimize the sampling group information, which helps to form opinions about the organization regarding quality performance including the reviews from the customers about the quality of service and their effectiveness in Customer Relationship Management. Issues such as contentment and devotedness will be needed to evaluate the previous information. The survey questionnaire model will help researchers to maintain a list of concern issues and standardised questions for the sampling group, in order to make comparison and achieve consistent findings. Ultimately the survey questionnaire will be determined on collecting qualitative data on this customer group? s attitude and behaviours. (Sunders et, al. 2000) argues that the tools are used in descriptive studies as this proposed study. The main purpose of this dissertation is to identify the research questions and solutions to the questions. The survey questionnaire mock-up allowed the researcher to have an arranged list of issues and areas to cover as standardised questions for the sample group, in order to compare all the samples and achieve consistent findings. Mainly this survey questionnaire will be focused on collection of qualitative data on this customer group? s attitude and behaviours. Quantitatively, these meanings and findings will be measured so as to reach a consistent consensus of the data and prove the point taken as the research problem of the dissertation. Whereas, the secondary data comprises mainly narrative information. This encompasses the literature research carried on CRM, and its functions to achieve consumer loyalty; it also accompanies magazines, journals, newspapers relevant research studies. Timetable and special resources required In order to accomplish the proposed project in the given time available the following time table is prepared as a critical path depicting each stage of the study in relation to the time frame in weeks Tasks Week One Week Tow Week Three Week Four Week Fifth Week Sixth Week Seventh Week Eight Week Nine Week Ten Week Eleven Twelve Problem classification Literature Review Research Methodology Data compilation Data examination Writing up draft Editing closing Documentation Binding of document Budget: As discussed above in methodology about collection of data and interviewing individuals, will cost a bit of money which is listed below. Measuring Effectiveness of Customer Relationship Management Strategies in Achieving Customer Loyal Essay Example Measuring Effectiveness of Customer Relationship Management Strategies in Achieving Customer Loyal Essay Management strategies in achieving customer loyalty A Case Based Study of Nandos UK (Kings Cross Branch) Introduction:Businesses has grown on fast pace in last few decades. This rapid growth in business ha snot only increased the competition but also provided the customers to choose from the products . increased competition and market uncertainty has left organization to think the ways to retain and attract more and more customers. Wining the heats and minds of customers is now the ultimate goals of much organization to earn profitability. Kicaid, 2003) It is because organizations know a satisfied customer can refer many new customers to them with no cost of marketing. Customer relationship Management is concept of delivering best customer services in order to retain customers for long time in other words customer relationship management is name of customer satisfaction that makes customer to buy again and again from same organization. Customer relationship is built and maintained th rough relationship strategies utilizing latest IT concepts that help in delivering better customer services. Increased used of internet and computers has forced organization to invest in IT based applications to not only facilitate their customers but also to use IT application to help customers serve in better way. (Gummesson, 2002) â€Å"CRM is an IT the outcomes of which optimize profitability, revenue and customer satisfaction by organizing around customer segments, fostering customer-satisfying behaviours and implementing customer-centric processes†. (Peelan. 2003) Fig (1. 1) CRM Growth trends According to Gartner survey significant growth in spending on CRM in past few years CRM software related investments were $7. 8 billion in 2008 with 14. 4 % increase from previous year. This healthy trend is expected to reach $13. 3 billion by year 2012. The investors remained positive despite economic meltdown Problem Statement;- Achieving customer? s loyalty is long term thing and effects of implementing CRM strategy is not tangible. So it is complex task to effectively measure the Effectiveness of CRM strategy and customer loyalty. We will write a custom essay sample on Measuring Effectiveness of Customer Relationship Management Strategies in Achieving Customer Loyal specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Measuring Effectiveness of Customer Relationship Management Strategies in Achieving Customer Loyal specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Measuring Effectiveness of Customer Relationship Management Strategies in Achieving Customer Loyal specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Complexity exist when evaluating intangible benefits like loyalty of customer, quality of service, enhancement of value, processes effectiveness, innovation of operation, improving the services Effectiveness of processes, innovation of operation, service improvement, competitiveness, trust, and efficiency etc (Peelan,2003) The most widely used and popular methods for investment evaluations are accounting and financial methods which only depends upon cash flow and counting the customer inflow . These are only suitable for limited type of evaluation of business performance. These accounting methods cannot be effectively used in evaluating investment which is expected to gain benefits in intangible and indirect form. (Righby Landigham, 2004) By evaluating effectiveness of crm strategy a business can be improved on the bases of results and necessary changes can be adopted . CRM implementation also enable customer services department to perform effectively according to their expectation. According to Customer Think Corporation, 68 % of customers leave their seller due to bad customer service experience. So the importance of CRM and its performance evaluation cannot be done/This Poor development Of Marketing Performance measurement is due to complexity in measuring and assessing results from implementing marketing strategies. Especially it is difficult to elaborate impacts on customers of specific strategy (Hanssens, 1999) Objectives:(1) To Critically evaluate theory of CRM strategies and its role in achieving customer loyalty (2) To Analyze current CRM strategies adopted by Nandos UK (3) Evaluation of effectiveness of CRM strategies adopted by Nandos UK (4) To Provide recommendation for effectively implementation of CRM effectiveness measurement Rational Business: The proposed research aims to analyse and assess the impact of CRM in the efficient functioning of the businesses, thus delivering exceptional customer services to its existing and potential customers. It is anticipated that the possible outcome of the proposed study will create a positive business environment by enhancing customer satisfaction and creating further customer service improvement activities and achieving customer loyalty. Academic: The area of the proposed research is CRM. It is an information technology industry term for methodologies and software. This term is used as methodology in IT and software technology, all customer relationship is dealt with the help of internet in an organised way by the enterprise. Using the proposed methodology or looking at it critically might be helpful for students doing research in the similar fields in the future. Literature review: This chapter consist of theories, ideas and concept of different authors, which will support the consider topic, because CRM is very important for the attraction of customer towards organisation. If CRM of the company is improve, then more customers will come as compare to the other competitors. By this way the relationship between organisation and customers maintain. We can say that CRM is the important factor of customer relationship. That CRM is the key to strategic competition needed to keep the focus on customer needs and for a face to face with the customers throughout the organization† (Lin and Su, 2003) Different authors define CRM with different way, in which some have similar concept but different words, as well as some have different concept, some of them are in the following: According to Wilson et, al. (2002 ) that CRM is a technical support and rational tool as well as a set of different skills, process, and different technologies, which help the organisation in making planning? for the all channels of attracting customers, and these all channels have very high influence on each other? s as well as high attraction with each others. On the other hand O? Mulley and Mitussis (2002) say that CRM is very beneficial and persuasive. On the other hand Olsen states that mostly companies show loyalty for the satisfaction of the customers as well as making different kind of strategies and improving company/organisation performance. All techniques and skills are used for the satisfaction of organisation, because customers are the basics units of business. The skills, rules and regulations are according to the choice as well as need and want of customers. According to the Lin and Sue (2003) that component if CRM is exceptionally vital for the understanding of relationship of the customer? s questions, complains as well as practice of the business. The factors of the CRM is basically related to the activity of organisation and customers contacts, the contacts may be customers complains or feedback. On the other hand technologies play very important rule in the CRM, because technology used in the system as a facility in CRM for customer satisfaction. The development of CRM is not new for the organisation, but they are developing system from the beginning According to Payne (2006) the CRM of old age was engage same like the modern, but the difference was only technology. But the difference is that the modern strategy is according to the modern customers marketing strategy, because to make easy the approach of customers to the organisation. Wilson et, al. (2002)â€Å"The assumptions of customers in CRM, is not different from the transactions between company and customers† this basically means that customers have direct relationship with customers, which require the organisation. The trust of customers essential for the success of organisation, therefore they need clear vision about the organisation policies, and offers etc, so for this purpose organisation need to well define about every product as well as develop ethical qualities must be highlighted. The idea of wine shows that CRM is very close to the characterization of CRM (business strategy) which states â€Å"The customer service needs to receive the status of high priority in the organisational environment†. CRM is significant from the usiness point of view, because it will make people mind clear for the business; in simple it will give simple and clear vision to customers about the services, products, and customers strategy. By this way company will keep long term relationship with customers. In term of business strategy CRM we can say that it is section of the market and competitive advantages by increasing the trust and satisfaction of the customers or client is hard to evaluate. It is a co mplex strategy, because of the different behaviours of he people (Roger, 2003). According to O? Malley and Mitussus (2003) in fact the customers are relatively new to the marketing agent that controlling in mass market which directed to strategic considerations relationship. This is essential for the every organisation to understand the strategy of the CRM. According to Winter (2001) that every business strategy must be in relation to what customers tastes. Bellow given three metrics are important for observation of CRM in relation to marketing strategy (Li and Croteau 2003). 1) Customers retention (2) Customer satisfaction (3) Customer profitability These play key role in the CRM, but the adaptation of these are possible only by the help of higher management presented as essential for execution with success of Customer relationship management. If, not take serious in organisation then this will affect the whole organisation, which cause the resistance of customers. According to Cro teau and Li, (2003) that knowledge management also affect the impact of CRM. According to the (McKenna, 1993) stated that a strong CRM strategy should be effectively plan which keep accountability of needs and opinion of the customers, keeping in mind the time and the length of their relationship with oragnization (Ahn, 2003) satisfying customers needs are the key purpose of developing the CRM strategy. The technological system of CRM is very important in collecting information from the customers about the organisation (oragnization) and same is conveying of information to the customers about the sale, new products and movement of the market. (Reicheld, 1993). Oragnization also improve strategy with help of customers complains and feedback. On the basis of customers information oragnization improve the relations with customers (Reicheld 1993). Methodology: This section explains the research ideology, concept and method applied, integrated with a data overview, essential for deriving the final conclusions of the research study. Research Philosophy: There are two principal philosophies in the research process that are dealt with. Either the optimistic approach based on the concept of objectivity and scientific method, where approximation can be generalized and truly emulate the real phenomena. Saunders et al. (2000)stated that, the researcher presume the task of an objective, independent examine and will be supported by methodology which will allow imitation and generalisation of the data. Or In contrast, phenomenologist philosophy argues that the difficulty of phenomenon, which can be applied to the social and the business world, cannot be concentrated to generalisations. Indeed, ideas and situations influenced by individuals and other factors are all unique, and as such need to be analysed for gaining the clearer picture behind them. Thus, as discussed by Wilson (1999), this view can be said to be the basis of interpretative research, where social reality is explored in its natural settings. The two philosophies are not fundamentally mutually exclusive In spite of being peculiar and seen as to be adapted for individual channels of research. The rank taken in research is dependent on the nature of the question to be explored. In order to reflect the most persistent and compelling reality, a distinct study on the flexibility is needed. Besides, as Saunders et al. 2000) argue, management-related research can be in practice a mixture of both philosophies. In this research, phenomenological philosophy will be adopted as it aims to answer research questions that are highlight in a social atmosphere, based on opinions, views and the assessment of industry experts and customers. Research Approach: There are three types of research strategy Inductive v/s deductive, qualitative v/s quantities and cross sectional v/s longit udinal. Mixed approach will be adopted in the research. The Qualitative research tools containing unstructured interview questioners which is design for collecting data material and research to meet the objective in finding answer for research questions. The Quantitative research tool contain of self designed questionnaires that be sanded through using the email or by post to prospective respondent. Research Strategy: The strategy is sensible base that contracts the way of answers the research questions of the study and present it like a plan which include objectives as well as data sources and takes into accounts the limitation that may occur in growth of the research study. So according to my result I will use mixture of research techniques to attain my required objective, for secondary and primary research so I m using the mixture of quantitative and qualitative techniques. Data collection method: A choice of methods of research will be adopted in proposed study. Executive form Nandos UK would be personally contacted and through the internet to request for the related information via emails. Questionnaires would be sent to the managers of different branches and be requested to fill in, which would certainly help in study. My study will be a combination of questionnaire, interviews, direct observation, physical artefact and discussions. Because it is entail for the development of a conceptual and theoretical structure prior to apply any research instrument. Though data collecting qualitatively do not help in a huge way for theory building but it is helpful in concept of the theory with more confidence. As a result it is a combination of both qualitative and quantitative approach. In my study, I will try to use theory as a basis and channel. Each tool, method or technique has its own strengths and weaknesses. As a result it can be said that research methods and strategies are not isolated from each other. So, I can use mixture of research techniques. To achieve my desired objectives I will be using a mix of qualitative and quantitative technique, which involves both secondary and primary research. Data source: keeping research Objective in mind secondary data will be collect throughout internet, journals and publication etc. I will try to collecting secondary data from all resources of non human. I will be using online database, journals and attain books. Sample selection and Sample size: Considering random sampling which consists on the selection of samples to generalise the findings, over a broader population. 15-20 samples will be used in the proposed research this will help to develops in claims and give technique to improve theories to clarify the population characteristics. In view of both type of purposive sampling focused. Qualitative sampling is considered as best method to apply in current research strategy. This strategy allow to me to choose the persons and data obtainable to meet the objectives. Sample method: According to my research study I will be implement the method of purposive sampling. For my research the non-probability sampling is chosen because it is based on achievement and awareness of certain situation. Sampling follows the qualitative research approach since it merge with objective of responding to study query and don? t Conway the outcomes into statistical generality. It was also helpful in quick manner to achieve a precise target sample. Data analysis: In context of proposed study, data analysis is important because the information collected is both quantitative and qualitative. The data collected will be statistically analysed using manual methods, easy tabulation and statistic like indicator of average or frequency count in the form of table and figure will be presented. Ethical Issues: In ethical issue involve conduct surveys the research activity is vital importance to judge the ethical implication. The reason of importance that proficient societies have urbanized code of ethics to cover-up range of proficient issues surrounding research activities in this situation of proposed study i will be need to ethical approval from Nandos UK. Formal permission will be required prior to arrange data collection and all necessary caution will be taken to make sure respect for participant because independent agent. To avoid plagiarism, I will be very careful while using any other person? s idea opinion or different peoples written or spoken words. Any drawings, graphs, statistics, facts or any pieces of information which is not ordinary information, if I want to use other work I will give credit to that person by quoting his name and giving proper reference to it. Credibility and Validity: The credibility of results arises in a particular manner being a qualitative research. Questioned by scientific research, the process of gathering and analysing the data, as well as the kind of information, needs to reflect consistency and accuracy. To support this research study, the previously discussed methods and approach were considered essential to achieve the research findings. Reliability: In terms of reliability, the author of this study affirms that the results would relatively be the same if administered on different occasions by other researchers as long as the sampling is taken from the same area. In this sense if the study were to take place with an emphasis on Nandos UK? customers. Generalizability: As this study is generalizable to all other organization working in similar sector. However, some limitation to the proposed study is that the study will be carried out only in the Nandos specifically Kings cross branch. Therefore the findings can be applied universally if consider. Data Access: To study the phenomenon of research question and to answer them a mixture of two types of information was required which is primary and secondary. In this way the primary data consist of the statistics of survey-questionnaires implemented on economy class traveller. This strategy was selected to optimize the sampling group information, which helps to form opinions about the organization regarding quality performance including the reviews from the customers about the quality of service and their effectiveness in Customer Relationship Management. Issues such as contentment and devotedness will be needed to evaluate the previous information. The survey questionnaire model will help researchers to maintain a list of concern issues and standardised questions for the sampling group, in order to make comparison and achieve consistent findings. Ultimately the survey questionnaire will be determined on collecting qualitative data on this customer group? s attitude and behaviours. (Sunders et, al. 2000) argues that the tools are used in descriptive studies as this proposed study. The main purpose of this dissertation is to identify the research questions and solutions to the questions. The survey questionnaire mock-up allowed the researcher to have an arranged list of issues and areas to cover as standardised questions for the sample group, in order to compare all the samples and achieve consistent findings. Mainly this survey questionnaire will be focused on collection of qualitative data on this customer group? s attitude and behaviours. Quantitatively, these meanings and findings will be measured so as to reach a consistent consensus of the data and prove the point taken as the research problem of the dissertation. Whereas, the secondary data comprises mainly narrative information. This encompasses the literature research carried on CRM, and its functions to achieve consumer loyalty; it also accompanies magazines, journals, newspapers relevant research studies. Timetable and special resources required In order to accomplish the proposed project in the given time available the following time table is prepared as a critical path depicting each stage of the study in relation to the time frame in weeks Tasks Week One Week Tow Week Three Week Four Week Fifth Week Sixth Week Seventh Week Eight Week Nine Week Ten Week Eleven Twelve Problem classification Literature Review Research Methodology Data compilation Data examination Writing up draft Editing closing Documentation Binding of document Budget: As discussed above in methodology about collection of data and interviewing individuals, will cost a bit of money which is listed below.

Afghanistan State Building

Afghanistan State Building Introduction Since its independence from British in 1919, Afghanistan has had a turbulence history characterized by foreign invasions, sectarian wars and poor governance. From the 1980s the Taliban, which began as a resistance group fighting against the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, has played a key role in the affairs of Afghanistan.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Afghanistan State Building specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Following the US led invasion of Afghanistan, the Taliban lost the almost absolute control it held in the country.  This led to Afghanistan being classified as a failing state by the international community. After the US invasion of Afghanistan in 2001, there was need for state-building; a term which is defined as constructing a functional state. The US has therefore been at the forefront of rebuilding Afghanistan with a huge military presence being established in the region.  Even so, inci dents of insecurity continue to be high in Afghanistan. This paper shall argue that Afghanistans security is best served by the withdrawal of Americas troops on Afghan soils. A Case for Continued US Presence Failing and failed states provide safe havens for terrorist organizations some of which operate internationally. Pauly (2010) specifically cautions that nations on the brink of failure are ideal bases for terrorist groups. Afghanistan served as the safe haven for Al-Qaida it was only after the invasion of the country by US led troops and the establishment of a functional government that the country stopped serving as a hub for terrorists. Paris and Sisk (2009) assert that international efforts were essential for the state-building efforts in post-Taliban Afghanistan. The Afghan government was installed through efforts of the US and currently, the military security and national budget of Afghanistan depends heavily on foreign funding. For a nation to function favorably, it has to have a functional justice system. This is because a nation’s justice system has a direct bearing on the perceived legitimacy of a government by its people. Hains (2008) states that the reason for this is that the nations citizens are more likely to cooperate with the security apparatus if they perceive that the justice system is effective and fair. Afghanistan’s justice system is primarily aided by the US. Should the US move out of Afghanistan, it can be assumed that the justice system would collapse therefore throwing Afghanistan into further turmoil.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Failure of US Efforts While US led efforts to stability Afghanistan and bring about peace have been massive, they have not worked. This has mostly been because of the huge foreign military presence in Afghanistan. The presence of US military installations in Afghanistan has resul ted in the radicalization of sections of the population. The Taliban have in particular used the presence of foreign troops as recruitment tools with great success (Paris and Sisk, 2010). As a result of the increased US presence in Afghanistan, the Afghan government has been forced to demonstrate its accountability to the US instead of its citizens. This visible political intrusion has been as a result of the huge financial aid that the US gives to Afghanistan. By being accountable to its donors rather than its own people, the Afghan government has lost legitimacy in the eyes of Afghans which has resulted in increased attacks on government installations. While the 2001 Afghanistan invasion by the US let military force may have been largely welcomed by the general Afghan public, the ensuing breakdown of security and reemergence of sectarian war largely undermined the efforts of the new government and its international backers (Ayub, Kouvo Wareham, 2009). A decade after the dramatic fall of the Taliban, the country is full of violence, drug-related crimes and other abusive behavior that have cast a dark cloud over Afghanistan. Conclusion This paper has argued that the presence of the US in Afghanistan is detrimental to the security of the region. It has been shown that some of the violence that is currently perpetrated in the region is in retaliation to US presence. This paper has demonstrated that US forces help strengthen Taliban and increase sectarian wars. It can therefore be proposed that Afghanistans security is better served by American withdrawal from the region. Reference Ayub, F., Kouvo, S. Wareham, R. (2009). â€Å"Security Sector Reform in Afghanistan.† International Center for Transitional Justice. Web. Hains, C. M. et al. (2008). Breaking the Failed-State Cycle. RAND Corporation. Paris, R. Sisk, T.D. (2009). The Dilemmas of State Building: Confronting the Contradictions of Postwar Peace Operations. Taylor Francis.Advertising We w ill write a custom essay sample on Afghanistan State Building specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Pauly, J. R. (2010). The Ashgate Research Companion to US Foreign Policy. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.

Top Tips on How to Write a Screenplay

Top Tips on How to Write a Screenplay Top Tips on How to Write a Screenplay We’ve looked previously at the elements of a screenplay, but what about writing one? Are there any rules about how to do this? Well, not exactly. But we do have some great tips to share, so check out our guide below to find out more about writing scripts and screenplays. 1. Read Other Scripts Maybe you want to write a script because you’re a big fan of cinema. But have you ever tried reading a movie rather than watching one? This is a great way to see how most movie scripts use a three-act structure, as well as offering insights on how to write and format dialogue. An example of screenplay formatting. Try reading different types of script, too. For example, as well as reading the screenplay for your favorite movie, you can read one for a short film and an episode of a TV show. This will give you a better sense of how screenplays can vary and what you might want to write. 2. Create a Screenplay Outline Once you have an idea of the story you want to tell, you’ll be ready to outline your screenplay. This is like a blueprint for the screenplay proper. The amount of detail in an outline may vary, but it should include a breakdown of each act and scene you plan to include in the finished version. This will let you work out and finalize the story before you write it up in screenplay form. 3. Show, Don’t Tell Having a narrator in a screenplay is fine when done well, but it’s almost always better to use action to drive the story forward. So, instead of relying heavily on exposition, you should: Use strong action verbs wherever possible. For example, instead of saying someone is â€Å"running,† you could use a more descriptive term like â€Å"galloping† or â€Å"dashing† to reflect the tone or character of the scene. Let characters show who they are through dialogue and action. If you see your protagonist as â€Å"combative,† for instance, include a scene to establish this early on via the action (e.g., a confrontation between characters). Avoid unnecessary exposition by presenting story information as part of the action. If a character is talking at length about something that happened in the past, for example, you could instead insert a flashback to show the audience what happened. The key is that film and TV are primarily visual media, so â€Å"telling† the audience something is often a missed opportunity. By foregrounding action, on the other hand, your screenplay will become more dynamic. 4. Focus on the Writing It can be tempting to fill a script with stage or camera directions if you have an idea of how it should look. But unless you’re also directing the final version, this may not be your job! You should, of course, describe the action as best you can. But you can leave out mentions of close ups or instructions about scene transitions for now. These are usually added later in a shooting script, which comes after a studio has already bought a screenplay (or spec script). Summary: How to Write a Screenplay If you want to write a screenplay, there are a few things you might want to do: As well as watching movies and TV shows, read a range of scripts to get a sense of how they are presented and constructed. Outline the story, breaking it down by act and scene. This can help you work out story issues before you begin the screenplay. Remember that film and TV are visual media. As such, it is best to avoid too much exposition. Instead, use action to drive your story forward. Don’t worry about stage or camera directions in the first draft (unless you will be directing it yourself). Focus first on action and story. And, finally, don’t forget to have your screenplay checked by a professional to make sure it is error free and easy to read throughout.

The Interview with David Konig - a Professor at the Washington Essay

The Interview with David Konig - a Professor at the Washington University - Essay Example The person I chose to interview in this case was David Konig, a professor at Washington University. The interview was conducted within the institution for the purpose of convenience to the professor. I particularly chose a person in the teaching profession because this is one profession that employs the importance of effective listening most of the time. The interview conducted lasted twenty minutes and these twenty minutes were actually the most insightful minutes I have ever had with regards to the art of listening in individuals. It is of the essence to understand what it really means to listen effectively in the education sector. This is a particularly touchy issue in the sense that when it is taken lightly there tends to be a very high chance that the wrong information will be communicated to the target audience. In education, especially, active listening entails being in a position to communicate to what a person hears from the speaker. The main reason for this is to establish whether the person has understood that which is being passed across. Indeed it is true that listening is a process. In this light, it can be set as a three-step process. These steps are actually the most important if effective listening is to be achieved. The first step is that of comprehending that which is being communicated. This is what will point out whether there is actual communication to the recipient. The next step is retaining the communication that has been received.  

Leninism verse liberalism in an ex-colonial state Essay

Leninism verse liberalism in an ex-colonial state - Essay Example Other important influential trends in Iran may also include its two constitutional revolutions one in 1905 and the other in 1979. It is prudent to start by looking at the Leninists prospects in Iran. Without rushing to ridicule such an idea, we should not that a number of states in the Middle East are exhibiting left wing tendencies. A notable example is the Hashemite monarchy found in Iraq being replaced by a more Arab socialist state, which happened in1968.In 1950s, it was feared that Iran would adopt communism system that could see them ally the Soviet Union. In a more direct assertion, embracing Lenism by Iran as opposed to liberal democracy is minus not without precedent. Exhibiting similar traits to Rusia, prior and in the post Leninist revolution, Iran just like Russia was also ruled by absolute monarchs who are said to behave like the Russian Czars. Its rulers were draconian. The emphasis witnessed in personal norms in modern theocratic Iran resembles Czarist Russia signified by strong central figures, Iran being a devoutly Islam state shares the same inclination with Russia was also a devoutly Eastern orthodox. The main contention remains how transition into a Lenin state can occur. Proponents of this argument have asserted that, just as the Russians through threw religion and moved to secularization, Iran may surprisingly throw religion and adopt secularization too. However, some scholars have argued that adoption of liberal system could also be ideal for Iran. They have cited historical governance of Iran as their basis of assertion. That Iranian intellectual leaders as found in the 20th century had already stipulated constitutional revolution despite being a lower state than even Turkey and Egypt in the same period. They have compared this to the modern challenges facing Iran. Through citing the obstructionism that saw a revolution happen in 1979, they have suggested Iran is moving towards this direction, in this instance towards liberal

What should Troy do Essay Example for Free

What should Troy do Essay If troy has to work overtime on a business project then his boss, Mr Hunt has to compensate Troy with an overtime pay, if not then he will be exploiting Troy for his own gain. Troy does not have to pressure and exhaust himself over the projects since he is not a senior executive or a big shot at the firm making the big bucks. If that does not work, Troy can go to Mr. Hunt’s superiors and nd tell them about the situation. If that doesnt do anything, threaten legal action. I guarantee theyll change their tune real quick. One thing Troy can do is to take the work home and convince his boss that he will be working form home. Describe one process through which Troy might attempt to resolve his dilemma. One way Troy might attempt to resolve his dilemma is to confront his superior and explain to him that the project requires more time and that Troy will have to put some overtime in order to complete the project. Although Mr. Hunt and the customer may not be pleased about it, Troy on the other hand will not be so stressed out to make the deadline. Troy can find a way to and figure out a way to work with his boss to design the job to fit Troy’s life as well as meet the customers’ requirements, but Troy faces the problem of raising on the corporate ladder. On the other hand, Troy can work â€Å"off the clock† and accomplish the project just on time and have a chance to be promoted, however he will be sacrificing his family and personal life. Consider the impact of this company’s approach on young editors. How could working long hours be an ethical problem? Working long hours is a classic manager’s dilemma. On the one hand, if a subordinate is working long hours, it can reflect dedication and commitment to the job. It can also mean the person has no work-life balance, which could come back and bite the company down the line. It can also mean that the employee cannot effectively manage his time or people.

Comparing 1984 and Brave New World :: Compare Contrast Comparison Essays

Comparing Orwell's 1984 and Huxley's Brave New World In Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four and Huxley’s Brave New World, the authoritative figures strive for freedom, peace, and stability for all, to develop a utopian society. The Utopian society strives for a perfect state of well-being for all persons in the community, and over-emphasizes this factor, where no person is exposed to the reality of the world. As each novel progresses we see that neither society possesses family values nor attempts to practice them. Neither are passionate nor creative in factors such as love, language, history and literature. Our society today, in general, is unsure about the future: The nightmare of total organization has emerged from the safe, remote future and is now awaiting us, just around the next corner. It follows inexorably from having so many people. This quotes represents Watts’ fear for the future; George Orwell and Aldous Huxley both explore the future state of civilization in their novels. They both warn us of the dangers of a totalitarian society. Both books express a utopian ideal, examine characters that are forced into this state and are compelled to dealing with this society and all the rules involved. The impracticality of the utopian ideal is explored in Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four and Huxley’s Brave New World. Both authors suggest that a lack of familial bonds, the repression of human individuality, and the repression of artistic and creative endeavors in order to attain a stable environment renders the achievement of a perfect state unrealistic. The lack of familial bonds, in both novels, contributes to the development of a dystopian society. This lack of familial bonds is evident through genetic engineering, the use of names, and a commonly used drug, soma. One of the first mentionings of family in Brave New World is when the main character, Bernard, asks the Controller, the ultimate leader, about the past and why their society does not believe in families. His response suggests that authoritative figures do not believe that there is need for a mother in society and therefore, the Controller responds, â€Å"Mother, he repeated loudly rubbing in the science; and, leaning back in his chair, these, he said gravely are unpleasant facts; I know it. But then most historical facts are unpleasant.† The disregard for mothers as a valuable figure in life contributes to the lack of familial bonds. In Huxley’s Brave New World, human life is conceived in a bottle; the embryo no longer grows in the mother’s womb, and therefore no bond is formed between the mother and the baby.

Saving the World

Symantec, one of the world’s leading network security software company is facing many managerial obstacles In today’s global market place, where customer expectation and continuously emerging global competitors have drastically shorted the product lifecycle. Symantec is facing over 20,000 virus samples each month, not all of which are unique, stand-alone viruses. On top of that, dealing with this critical and time sensitive challenges, requires exceptional talented employee’s that is Symantec’s divers response team spread out in outsourced groups all over the world.Managers for a company such as Symantec needs to keep the professionals excited about work, even though it is a routine, standardized and chaotic environment they work within. To manage this, they need to use their technical, human and conceptual skills. Conceptual skill is the availability to visualize the organization as a whole. Symantec is spread out throughout the whole world, so the manage rs need to keep track of different time zones so that they have people working 24/7 in case unpredictable viruses would show up.Symantec, as said before, is one of the world’s leading network security company and it is hard for the managers to motivate each employee, and make them feel special. That is where the human relation skills is necessary from the managers within the company. Since new viruses are popping up randomly without preparation, the managers should let the professional employee’s try to work as self-independent as possible, so that they don’t have any guide lines to keep track of since all virus cases are different.In addition, the managers need technical skills. They need to be educated with the equipment that is being used within the company, so when distractions or problems show up, they are prepared and experienced with it, and can deal with it fast so not valuable time goes to waste. The operation manager Patrick Fitzgerald needs to play di fferent kind of management roles in different kind of cases. When Mr. Fitzgerald has weekly security briefing conference calls with coworkers around the globe, he needs to play a so called Liaison Role.This means that he will be a manager that serves as a connecting link between his coworkers and take in information he gets from coworkers on other location throughout the world. When he is assessed the feasibility of adding a new network security consulting service, He needs to be informed by the different possible outcomes, he needs to be prepared for what can go wrong. He needs to have information and be sure that it the intended effect of the new investment is profitable and not something wasteful. A management role such as leader is necessary when he needs to keep his employees focused on the company’s’ commitments to customer.The leader is responsible for deligating tasks and making sure that each task is done properly and reported to the next person in the chain o f management. The information of the Company Symantec we can find on their website, about its emphasis on customer service and innovation is that they are very determined to provide high security for the customers and their computers. They empower their employees by educating them so they can take more decisions on their own without having to go to a higher instance.Conclusion Symantec is a global leader in providing security, storage and systems management solutions to help the customers. It is a global company with employees outsourced all over the world which makes the manager’s work even harder. In addition to that, it is a chaotic business with issues and problems popping up such as viruses without be able to prepare for it. Their main focus is to empower their professional employees to think on their own and work independent without take the issue to higher instances.

Race, Ethnicity, & Prejudice Essay

At one point in time the U. S. Census defined someone as a â€Å"negro† if they were one-sixteenth black. That is, if one of your sixteen great-great grandparents was of African descent (and the other fifteen were of â€Å"white† European descent), you were defined as â€Å"negro†. In Jamaica, people believed to be of â€Å"pure† African descent are described as black. People who are bi-racial are usually described as â€Å"colored†. In Brazil, there are even more differentiations of those believed to be of African descent. The point of all this is that our definitions are culture-bound and socially constructed. They are, therefore, not particularly scientific and change over time. This does not mean that race and ethnicity have no real meaning. They have meaning because we give them meaning. 1. What method do census enumerators use to classify people according to race? A census enumerator is a person who collects census data. Before 1960, census enumerators were themselves responsible for classifying people according to race. However, in 1960 there was a switch to self-reporting. From this point on, individuals were in control of classifying themselves. It was no longer the census enumerators who classified individuals, but individuals who classified themselves. Census enumerators would just compile the results. 2. Which categories of ethnicity are used by the census bureau? The categories of ethnicity and race used by the census bureau have undergone numerous changes over the years. At first, from 1790 to 1880, the census recorded only â€Å"color. † During this time period it was a person’s skin color that was of importance and there were three categories: White, Black, and Mulatto. The categories expanded in 1890 and consisted of five gradations: Black, Mulatto, Quadroon, Octoroon, and White. It was in 1900 that the word â€Å"race† actually appeared in the census. The question now asked for each person’s â€Å"color or race. † At this time the census used only two categories: White and Black. It wasn’t until 1950 that the word â€Å"color† was completely dropped and the census only asked for the person’s race. In 1960 people were able to classify themselves. Shortly following the census added the category â€Å"other. † In 1977 there were four racial categories established: American Indian or Alaskan Native, Asian or Pacific Islander, Black, and White. Plus there was the â€Å"Other† category. Also, the census added two ethnicity categories: Hispanic origin and Not of Hispanic origin. 3. How have categories changed for the 2000 Census? Since 1977, the racial and ethnic makeup of the country changed significantly. There were no questions as to whether the previous standards still reflected the diversity that was present in the United States. So, with that, the categories for the 2000 census were revised. The categories now consisted of: American Indian or Alaska Native; Asian; Black or African American; Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander; and White. The category of â€Å"Some Other Race† is also included. In regards to ethnicity, there are two categories: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino. Aside from changes in the categories, another significant change for the 2000 census is that respondents are allowed to check off multiple â€Å"race† boxes. 4. What problems do you see with the Census definitions? The diversity in our society is increasing. Putting people in categories is becoming more problematic because the categories are arbitrary; none of the groups have clear or unambiguous boundaries. Classifying people into a certain category is restrictive and doesn’t take into account that â€Å"people classified as â€Å"Asian and Pacific Islander† represent scores of different national and linguistic backgrounds, and â€Å"American Indian or Alaska Native† includes people from hundreds of different tribal groups† (Healey 13). The census definitions are very limiting and they don’t do diversity justice. Also, there is still no place for a number of groups among the categories listed. â€Å"For example, where should we place Arab Americans and recent immigrants from Africa? † (Healey 13). I understand that it is unrealistic to have a category for every single group, but we should realize that the definitions used by the census, the classification schemes, have limited utility and application. In addition, there is a growing number of mixed-race individuals for whom there are no categories. Although currently that number is relatively small, it is projected to increase rapidly due to a growing number of marriages across group lines. How should those individuals be classified? Sources: Healey, Joseph F. (2010). Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Class: The Sociology of Group Conflict and Change. (5th Ed. ). Pine Forge Press, an Imprint of SAGE Publications, Inc. Sweet, Frank W. (2011, Feb. 25). A Brief History of Census â€Å"Race†. Retrieved from http://knol. google. com/k/a-brief-history-of-census-race U. S. Census Bureau, Population Division. Racial and Ethnic Classifications Used in Census 2000 and Beyond. Retrieved from http://www. census. gov/population/www/socdemo/race/racefactcb. html.

Frozen; Music Video Review Professor Ramos Blog

Frozen; Music Video Review final essay ramos

How to Make a Rubric for Differentiation

How to Make a Rubric for Differentiation Rubrics are rules or a way to explicitly lay out expectations for an assignment, and the means to evaluate or grade an assignment using a point system. Rubrics work very well for differentiated instruction, as you can establish different levels of performance for general education students and for children receiving special education services. As you start making your rubric, think about the things you need to know to assess a students performance on a project/paper/group effort. You need to create four or more categories to evaluate and then establish the criteria for each score. You can format your rubric as a questionnaire or as a chart. Be sure it is clearly written, as you want to give it to your students and review it as you introduce the assignment. When you are done, you can tailor your use of the information for the following: IEP data collection, especially for writing.Your grading/reporting format: i.e., 18 of 20 points is 90% or an A.To report to parents or students. A Simple Writing Rubric The numbers suggested are good for 2nd or 3rd-grade assignments. Adjust for the age and ability of your group. Effort: Does the student write several sentences on the topic? 4 points: Student writes 5 or more sentences about the topic.3 points: Student writes 4 sentences about the topic.2 points: Student writes 3 sentences about the topic.1 point: Student writes 1 or 2 sentences about the topic. Content: Does the student share enough information to make the writing selection interesting? 4 points: Student shares 4 or more facts about the subject3 points: Student shares 3 facts about the subject2 points: Student shares 2 facts about the subject1 point: Student shares at least one fact about the subject. Conventions: Does the student use correct punctuation and capitalization? 4 points: Student begins all sentences with capitals, capitalizes proper nouns, no run on sentences and correct punctuation, including one question mark.3 points: Student begins all sentences with capitals, one or fewer run-on sentences, 2 or fewer errors in punctuation.2 points: Student begins sentences with capitals, ends with punctuation, 2 or fewer run-on sentences, 3 or fewer errors in punctuation.1 point: Student uses capital letters appropriately at least once, ends with punctuation. This rubric needs at least 2 more categories- it is easiest to score them with a possible 20 points. Consider Style, Organization or Focus. Rubrics in Table Form A table is a great way to clearly organize and present a rubric. Microsoft Word provides an easy table tool to lay out a rubric. For an example of a table rubric, please see a table rubric for a report on animals.

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 7

Assignment Example Thus there exists a significant relationship between the content and the process. Content is one side of teaching on the science subject where you need to know what needs to be taught. The content is the knowledge side of the activity of teaching. This knowledge needs to be imparted in an effective manner in the classroom which suits the pedagogy of the students and generates an interest on the subject. For example, an adoption of the process of meta-cognitive discussions include discussing the strategies required to effectively disseminate the learning to the students creates a balance between the two concepts in the classroom. Setting ground rules, providing a road map, taking feedbacks from the students on their expectations followed by delivery of the educational content fulfils the objective of learning in a balanced manner. Answer 2 The five elements of effective adolescent literacy program are i) direct, explicit and comprehensive instruction, ii) effective instructional princ iples embedded in the content, iii) motivation and self directed learning, iv) text based collaborative learning, v) strategic tutoring. In elementary level grade, strategic tutoring is essential for effective adolescent literacy program. The teachings on science concepts are imparted through strategic instructions on reading and writing given to an individual and group of students. The requirements of the students are assessed in terms of their needs and expectations and strategic instructions are given to the students to suit their capacity of learning. For example, a group of students who may not be able to keep up with pace of progress of studies could be instructed separately to bring their reading and writing skills on the same platform. This helps to carry out the classroom program in elementary grade in an effective manner. Answer 3 A culturally responsive classroom environment celebrates the existence of different culture and languages in the environment. The activities to support culturally responsive instruction includes i) labelling of objects of the classroom like desk, chair, table by different languages, ii) inviting students from different cultural background to share stories of the culture and religion of their origin, iii) use of video clips of different regional sources in the course of learning, iv) having a world map or globe to promote acceptance of global views, v) using choral readings for students with limited fluency of language of instruction. During science classes in elementary grade, the invitation to students to share stories on scientific achievements of their countries would help to promote a culturally responsive classroom environment (Gay, 2010). Answer 4 The B-D-A framework of teaching is adopted by the teachers that are largely dependent on the students present in the classroom, the text that is to be studied during the course of education and the kind of activities that are to be performed in the classrooms. The three stag es of B-D-A activities are the before reading stage, during reading stage and the after reading stage. The purpose of the before-reading stage is to understand the knowledge and awareness of the students on the subject. The responses of the students are connected to the areas of learning through engagement in activities. For example, small groups of students are formed and are made to participate on activities related to science subjects and then feedback is taken from the students on t